0 Gerund dan Invinitive

GERUND

Definisi Gerund

Ø  A gerund = the –ing form of a verb (e.g., talking, playing, understanding)

Ø  Gerund adalah bentuk verb-ing yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata bnda).

Ø  Gerund memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan present participle, namun memiki fungsi yang berbeda. Gerund selalu berfungsi sebagai noun sedangkan present participle dapat berfungsi (menjadi) verb atau adjective. Perhatikan kalimat contoh berikut:

1. Walking is a good exercise.

Walking = gerund, digunakan sebagai subject of the sentence.

2. Bob and Ann are playing tennis.

Playing = present participle, digunakan pada present continuous tense.

3. I heard some surprising news.

Surprising = present participle, digunakan sebagai adjective.

Fungsi Gerund dalam Sentence

1.      Sebagai subject

Seeing her frequently made him very joyful.

2.      Sebagai direct object

I really like teaching.

I reaaly enjoyed writing.

3.      Sebagai object of preposition(setelah preposition)

o      I am tired of running.

o      We talked about not going the meeting, but finally decided we should go.

o      They are interested in learning Information Technology.

o      Mrs. Rose is in charge of organizing the meeting.

o      I am accustomed to walking in every Sunday morning. (be + accustomed to + gerund)

o      I am used to walking in every Sunday morning. (be + used to + gerund)

o      We look forward to buying a note book nexth month. (look forward to + gerund)

o   We  object to changing our plan to visit Gembiraloka because we have prepared all. (object to + gerund)

4.      Sebagai subject complement(pelengkap subject)

o   My favorite sport is swimming.

o   The most difficult session (part) on TOEFL test for me is listening.

5.      Sebagai modifier (menerangkan kata lain)

Ironing board, reading lamp, parkingarea, waiting room, dining room, swimmingpool, teaching method.

6.      Sebagai appositive (keterangan tambahan)

o   Mr. Harits’ favorite sport, swimming, is a good exercise.

o   You can do this duty, memorizing, while doing other activities.

Gerund memiliki sifat seperti noun, yaitu:

1.      Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adjective.

o   Both my father and my mother like slow driving.

o   My friend, Mr. Budi, is always able to enjoy loud reading when he studies something.

2.      Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh possessive pronoun ataupun possessive noun.

I’m proud of Mr. Harry’s writing.

My mother likes Mrs. Ann’s riding.

3.      Gerund yang memiliki bentuk jamak diantaranya adalah blessings, weddings.

Gerund memiliki sifat seperti verb, yaitu:

1.      Gerund yang berasal dari transitive verb dapat mempunyai object

o   Reading a novelis his hobby.

o   He is clever at writing a scientific essay.

2.      Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adverb

Singing a song beautifully is the one thing which she needs to do.

Pola-pola Gerund

1.      Verb + Gerund (Bermakna Aktif)

Verbs berikut harus diikuti oleh gerund:

a.       admit  

b.      appreciate

c.       avoid

d.      consider (think about)

e.       defer

f.        delay

g.      deny

h.      detest

i.        discuss (talk about)

j.        enjoy

k.      escape

l.        finish (get throuh)

m.    forgive

n.      imagine

o.      mention

p.      keep (keep on)

q.      notice

r.       postpone (put off)

s.       practice

t.        prevent

u.      quit (give up)

v.      resent

w.    resist

x.      risk

y.       stop

z.       suggest

aa.   understand

bb.  dread

cc.   fancy

dd.involve

• She is a woman so that she dreads climbing a roof.
• She will keep studying English seriously.
• His mother suggested having lunch before we leave.

2.      Verb + Gerund (Bermakna passive)

o   Need. The car needs washing.

o   Want. Your hair wants cutting.

o   Require. This position requies fulfilling by an expert of Information Technology.

o   Desrve. She deserves loving by her students.

3.      No + Gerund (Short Prohibitation)

o   No littering!

o   No cheating!

o   No smoking!

4.      Mind + Gerund

v  Biasa digunakan pada klimat negatif atau tanya (permintaan halus).

o   Would you mind waiting a moment?

o   I don’t mind bringing these books.

v  Pola: Mind + Gerund

Atau Mind + Noun + Gerund

Atau Mind + Object Pronoun + Gerund

Atau Mind + Possessive Adjective + Gerund

o   My family don’t mind living here.

o   My family don’t mind Mr. Robert living here.

o   My family don’t mind him living here.

o   My family don’t mind his living here.

5.      Verb + Gerund = Verb + Infinitive (Dua Pola yang Bermakna Sama)

a.       begin

b.      start

c.       continue

d.      like

e.       love

f.       prefer

g.      hate

h.      can’t stand

i.        can’t bear

o   I have begun studying (= to study) English seriously since two months ago.

o   I can’t stand seeing (= to see) the suffering of palestinian anymore.

6.      Verb + Gerund Verb + Infinitive (Bermakna berbeda)

a.       stop

b.      quit

c.       remember

d.      forget

e.       regret

f.       try

Stop dan quit

• Mr. Andy has stopped smoking. (sudah berhenti merokok)
• Mr Andy stopped to smoke. (berhenti dari suatu aktivitas untuuk merokok)

Remember and forget

• Mr. Peter always remembers to visit his beloved grand mother every week.
• Mr. Pee often forgets to lock the door.
• Mr. Peter still remembers visiting his beloved grand mother for the first time after getting married.
• Mr. Pee often forgets visiting the new house of mine.

Regret

• I regret to tell you that you failed the test.
• I regret lending him some money.

Try

• I am trying to learn English
• The room was hot. I tried opening the window, but that didn’t help. So, I tried turning on the fan, but I was still hot. Finally I turned on tha air conditioner.

7.      Verb Phrase (Verb + Preposition) + Gerund

a.       be for

b.      care for

c.       keep on

d.      look forward to

e.       be againts

f.       give up

g.      leave off

h.      put off

i.        see about

j.        take to

o   I don’t care for standing in queues.

o   He is looking forward to meeting her.

8.      Verb/expression + Gerund;

• My teacher disliked coming late.

Verb atau expression yang dimaksud di atas adalah:

a.       dislike

b.      dread

c.       fancy

d.      involve

e.       like (negative)

f.       mean

g.      mind

h.      propose

i.        recollect

j.        remember

k.      resent

l.        save

m.    stop

n.      suggest

o.      understand

p.      approve/disapprove of

q.      it’s no good/use

r.        there’s no point in

s.       insist on

t.        object to

u.      what the point of

Atau pola di atas dapat diungkapkan dengan cara lain di bawah ini:

Verb/expression + Possessive Adjective + Gerund;

My teacher disliked my coming late. atau

Verb/expression + Object Pronoun + Gerund;

My teacher disliked me coming late.

9.      Verb + Possessive Adjective + Gerund;

Forgive my disturbing you. Atau

Verb + Object Pronoun + Gerund;

Forgive me disturbing you. Atau

Verb + Object Pronoun + Preposition + Gerund;

Forgive me for disturbing you.

10.  Go + Gerund

Go is followed by a gerund in certain idiomatic expressions to express, for the most part, recreational activities.

a.       go bird watching

b.      go boating

c.       go bowling

d.      go camping

e.       go canoeing

f.       go dancing

g.      go fishing

h.      go hiking

i.        go jogging

j.        go mountain climbing

k.      go running

l.        go sailing

m.    go shopping

n.      go sightseeing

o.      go skating

p.      go sledding

q.      go swimming

r.        go tobogganing

s.       go window shopping

o   Did you go shopping?

o   We went fishing yesterday.

  

B.     Fungsi To Infinitive dalam sebuah kalimat

1.  Subject                                    => to love you makes me bored

2.  Object of Verb                        => I would lake to say I miss you

3.  Head (To infinitive phrase )    => To love you is boring

4.  Modifier                                  => I just call to say

5.  Complement                            => She has to go (She must go )

                                     I am about to go